The word tort refers to personal injury case law, which is the legal classification into which asbestos litigation falls. Primarily, this litigation involves a person who was exposed to asbestos, often in the course of his or her employment, bringing suit against one or more companies that are found to be potentially liable for the exposure and consequent illness (considered to be the "injury" in legal terms).
Despite the recent deregulation of many industries, most of the laws pertaining to worker and product safety have been left largely untouched and are designed to protect the individual. Corporations who violate these regulations - particularly when it results in injury (illness) or death - can still be held liable under civil statutes. In some cases, they can be found criminally liable as well.
It was not always thus. During the time in U.S. histry known as the "Gilded Age," corporations often ignored the safety of their workers and produced tainted and defective products. Dirty secrets of American history include the documented facts that J.P. Morgan made a fortune through the sale of defective rifles to the Union Army during the U.S. Civil War, and that most U.S. casualties during the Spanish-American War resulted not from battle, but from illness and tainted beef processed and sold to the Army by the Armour Meat Company.
President Theodore Roosevelt and his Administration were the first to institute some worker protections and limit the power of corporations. Although he himself was from a family of extreme wealth and privilege, President Roosevelt understood that the long-term stability of a democracy was dependent on the well-being of the people who actually did the work of building the nation.
Many legislators and policymakers during Theodore Roosevelt's time were strongly influenced by the work of journalists known as muckrakers--investigative reporters and other writers who became the conscience of the nation. These were the writers who exposed the corporate corruption that was behind the sale of poisoned products and the existence of dangerous working conditions for employees, among numerous other social issues.
"Muckrakers" - named by Roosevelt after the "Man With the Muckrake" in John Bunyan's 1678 spiritual allegory Pilgrim's Progress - are still among us today. Two of them are reporter Andrew Schneider and author Michael Bowker, whose works have brought the issue of asbestos poisoning to the attention of mainstream America.
Had the dangers of asbestos been known during the early 1900s, the muckrakers would undoubtedly have been very outspoken against its manufacture and use. Unfortunately, medical science at that time was only just beginning to suspect some link between asbestos and malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer. It was not until the 1930s that the health hazards of asbestos were fully known.
The first people outside the medical profession to receive evidence of asbestos' toxicity were the corporate officers of the large asbestos producers. They worked very hard to conceal this information from the general public for 40 years. However, it was a secret that would not stay buried, as increasing numbers of asbestos workers began to suffer from cancer and "white lung."
There was irrefutable proof that asbestos corporations had engaged in a conspiracy to hide such information from the public. In 1977, an attorney representing a client with asbestosis discovered correspondence at the corporate offices of a major asbestos manufacturer and distributor dating back to the late 1930s, agreeing to withhold such information from the public.
Since then, there has been a reckoning. Hundreds of corporations have gone under because of asbestos liability, and hundreds more have attempted to seek refuge under U.S. bankruptcy law. In a case against one asbestos company, members of the board faced criminal charges in federal court, but were later acquitted.
Recently, there have been two major victories in the fight against asbestos. The first one is the defeat of a bill that would have denied the right of asbestos victims to hold corporations accountable, the FAIR act. The other is the unanimous passage of legislation that will outlaw all manufacture, distribution and use of asbestos and asbestos products throughout the United States by 2010.
The fight is far from over, however. The major element of litigation - and the one that is virtually always upheld on appeal - is recovery for medical costs and loss of income.
What follows is a compendium of the issues, the legislation, and the mechanisms of the legal field known as asbestos litigation.
Despite the recent deregulation of many industries, most of the laws pertaining to worker and product safety have been left largely untouched and are designed to protect the individual. Corporations who violate these regulations - particularly when it results in injury (illness) or death - can still be held liable under civil statutes. In some cases, they can be found criminally liable as well.
It was not always thus. During the time in U.S. histry known as the "Gilded Age," corporations often ignored the safety of their workers and produced tainted and defective products. Dirty secrets of American history include the documented facts that J.P. Morgan made a fortune through the sale of defective rifles to the Union Army during the U.S. Civil War, and that most U.S. casualties during the Spanish-American War resulted not from battle, but from illness and tainted beef processed and sold to the Army by the Armour Meat Company.
President Theodore Roosevelt and his Administration were the first to institute some worker protections and limit the power of corporations. Although he himself was from a family of extreme wealth and privilege, President Roosevelt understood that the long-term stability of a democracy was dependent on the well-being of the people who actually did the work of building the nation.
Many legislators and policymakers during Theodore Roosevelt's time were strongly influenced by the work of journalists known as muckrakers--investigative reporters and other writers who became the conscience of the nation. These were the writers who exposed the corporate corruption that was behind the sale of poisoned products and the existence of dangerous working conditions for employees, among numerous other social issues.
"Muckrakers" - named by Roosevelt after the "Man With the Muckrake" in John Bunyan's 1678 spiritual allegory Pilgrim's Progress - are still among us today. Two of them are reporter Andrew Schneider and author Michael Bowker, whose works have brought the issue of asbestos poisoning to the attention of mainstream America.
Had the dangers of asbestos been known during the early 1900s, the muckrakers would undoubtedly have been very outspoken against its manufacture and use. Unfortunately, medical science at that time was only just beginning to suspect some link between asbestos and malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer. It was not until the 1930s that the health hazards of asbestos were fully known.
The first people outside the medical profession to receive evidence of asbestos' toxicity were the corporate officers of the large asbestos producers. They worked very hard to conceal this information from the general public for 40 years. However, it was a secret that would not stay buried, as increasing numbers of asbestos workers began to suffer from cancer and "white lung."
There was irrefutable proof that asbestos corporations had engaged in a conspiracy to hide such information from the public. In 1977, an attorney representing a client with asbestosis discovered correspondence at the corporate offices of a major asbestos manufacturer and distributor dating back to the late 1930s, agreeing to withhold such information from the public.
Since then, there has been a reckoning. Hundreds of corporations have gone under because of asbestos liability, and hundreds more have attempted to seek refuge under U.S. bankruptcy law. In a case against one asbestos company, members of the board faced criminal charges in federal court, but were later acquitted.
Recently, there have been two major victories in the fight against asbestos. The first one is the defeat of a bill that would have denied the right of asbestos victims to hold corporations accountable, the FAIR act. The other is the unanimous passage of legislation that will outlaw all manufacture, distribution and use of asbestos and asbestos products throughout the United States by 2010.
The fight is far from over, however. The major element of litigation - and the one that is virtually always upheld on appeal - is recovery for medical costs and loss of income.
What follows is a compendium of the issues, the legislation, and the mechanisms of the legal field known as asbestos litigation.
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